ILUSTRATION OF LIST
Page
CHAP. 2
The moulting cycle of early life stages of the Amazon River prawn,
Macrobrachium amazonicum, reared in laboratory……….……...….…...
Figure 1 - Macrobrachium amazonicum, larval instar zoea I: A. early
postmoult (stage A), with spongy epidermal tissue structure, large
hemolymph-filled spaces (lacunae); B. intermoult (stage C), with
epidermal growth, tissue concentration along the inner surface of the
cuticle, reduced lacunar spaces; C. early premoult (stage D, substage D
0
),
with beginning epidermal retraction from the cuticle (apolysis); D.
intermediate premoult (substage D
1
), with advanced apolysis, beginning
epidermal invaginations at the setal bases; ap, apolysis; ep, epidermis; i,
invagination……………………………………………………………….....
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Figure 2 - Macrobrachium amazonicum, larval instars zoea II (A-C) and
zoea III (D-F): A. zoea II, early postmoult (stage A); B. zoea II, late
postmoult (stage B), with advancing tissue concentration along the inner
surface of the cuticle; C. zoea II, intermediate premoult (substage D
1
), with
uropod formation (u) inside the telson of the zoea II; D. zoea III, postmoult
(stage B), with telson (T) and newly appearing uropod (U); E. zoea III,
intermediate premoult (substage D
1
); F. zoea III, late premoult (substages
D
2-4
), with formation of a thin new cuticle (nc); ap, apolysis; ep, epidermis;
i, invagination; ns, new setae………………………………………………...
33
Figure 3 - Macrobrachium amazonicum, moulting (ecdysis) of larval instar
zoea I to zoea II: A.-C., retraction of the telson from the old exoskeleton
(oe); D, shedding of the exuvia, appearance of the zoea II (ZII); E, zoea II
with shed exuvia; ch, typical dorsal chromatophore on larval
pleon………………………………………………………………………….
34
CHAP. 3
Ontogenetic variation in metabolism during the early life stages of the
Amazon prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Palaemonidae)……………...………………………...…………
Table 1 – Age, dry weight (DW), number of individuals, and
biomass:volume ratio in respirometers used to determine oxygen
consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates during early life stages of
Macrobrachium amazonicum at 30 ± 1°C and 10 salinity. Embryo, zoea I -
IX= larval stages, PL 1 = post-larvae, PL 7 and PL 14 = post-larvae with 7
and 14 days after metamorphosis, respectively. Results are expressed as
mean values ± SD. Number of replicates = 10.……………………….……...
56
Table 2 – Individual oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates
and atomic oxygen:nitrogen ratio (O:N) in early life of Macrobrachium
amazonicum at 30 ± 1°C and 10 salinity. ZI - IX= larval stages, PL1, PL7
and PL14 = post-larvae with 1, 7 and 14 days after metamorphosis,
respectively. Results are expressed as mean values ± SD, [number of
replicates]. ……………………………………………………………..…….
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