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The Boy Captives

An Incident of the Indian War of 1695

John Greenleaf Whittier

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The Boy Captives

An Incident of the Indian War of 1695

by John Greenleaf Whittier

April, 1997 [Etext #879]

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The Boy Captives

An Incident of the Indian War of 1695

by John Greenleaf Whittier

THE township of Haverhill, even as late as the close of the

seventeenth century, was a frontier settlement, occupying an

advanced position in the great wilderness, which, unbroken by the

clearing of a white man, extended from the Merrimac River to the

French villages on the St. Francois. A tract of twelve miles on the

river and three or four northwardly was occupied by scattered

settlers, while in the centre of the town a compact village had

grown up. In the immediate vicinity there were but few Indians,

and these generally peaceful and inoffensive. On the breaking out

of the Narragansett War,(1) the inhabitants had erected

fortifications, and taken other measures for defence; but, with the

possible exception of one man who was found slain in the woods in

1676, none of the inhabitants were molested; and it was not until

about the year 1689 that the safety of the settlement was seriously

threatened. Three persons were killed in that year. In 1690 six

garrisons were established in different parts of the town, with a

small company of soldiers attached to each. Two of these houses

are still standing. They were built of brick, two stories high, with a

single outside door, so small and narrow that but one person could

enter at a time; the windows few, and only about two and a half feet

long by eighteen inches wide, with thick diamond glass secured

with lead, and crossed inside with bars of iron. The basement had

but two rooms, and the chamber was entered by a ladder instead of

stairs; so that the inmates, if driven thither, could cut off

communication with the rooms below. Many private houses were

strengthened and fortified. We remember one familiar to our

boyhood,--a venerable old building of wood, with brick between

the weather-boards and ceiling, with a massive balustrade over the

door, constructed of oak timber and plank, with holes through the

latter for firing upon assailants. The door opened upon a stone-

paved hall, or entry, leading into the huge single room of the

basement, which was lighted by two small windows, the ceiling

black with the smoke of a century and a half; a huge fireplace,

calculated for eight-feet wood, occupying one entire side; while,

overhead, suspended from the timbers, or on shelves fastened to

them, were household stores, farming utensils, fishing-rods, guns,

bunches of herbs gathered perhaps a century ago, strings of dried

apples and pumpkins, links of mottled sausages, spare-ribs, and

flitches of bacon; the fire-light of an evening dimly revealing the

checked woollen coverlet of the bed in one far-off corner, while in

another--

"The pewter plates on the dresser

Caught and reflected the flame as shields of armies the

sunshine."(2)

(1) The "Narragansett War" was a name applied to that part of

King Philip's War which resulted from the defection of the powerful

tribe of Narragansetts, formerly allies of the English, to the standard

of the Indian chief.

(2) Longfellow's *Evangeline,* lines 205, 206.

Tradition has preserved many incidents of life in the garrisons. In

times of unusual peril the settlers generally resorted at night to the

fortified houses, taking thither their flocks and herds and such

household valuables as were most likely to strike the fancy or

minister to the comfort or vanity of the heathen marauders. False

alarms were frequent. The smoke of a distant fire, the bark of a

dog in the deep woods, a stump or bush, taking in the uncertain

light of stars and moon the appearance of a man, were sufficient to

spread alarm through the entire settlement and to cause the armed

men of the garrison to pass whole nights in sleepless watching. It is

said that at Haselton's garrison-house the sentinel on duty saw, as

he thought, an Indian inside of the paling which surrounded the

building, and apparently seeking to gain an entrance. He promptly

raised his musket and fired at the intruder, alarming thereby the

entire garrison. The women and children left their beds, and the

men seized their guns and commenced firing on the suspicious

object; but it seemed to bear a charmed life, and remained

unharmed. As the morning dawned, however, the mystery was

solved by the discovery of a black quilted petticoat hanging on the

clothes-line completely riddled with balls.

As a matter of course, under circumstances of perpetual alarm

and frequent peril, the duty of cultivating their fields, and gathering

their harvests, and working at their mechanical avocations, was

dangerous and difficult to the settlers. One instance will serve as an

illustration. At the garrison-house of Thomas Dustin, the husband

of the far-famed Mary Dustin (who, while a captive of the Indians,

and maddened by the murder of her infant child, killed and scalped,

wit the assistance of a young boy, the entire band of her captors,

ten in number), the business of brick-making was carried on. The

pits where the clay was found were only a few rods from the house;

yet no man ventured to bring the clay to the yard within the

inclosure, without the attendance of a file of soldiers. An anecdote

relating to this garrison has been handed down to the present time.

Among its inmates were two young cousins, Joseph and Mary

Whittaker; the latter a merry, handsome girl, relieving the tedium of

garrison-duty with her light-hearted mirthfulness and--

"Making a sunshine in that shady place."(1)

(1) "Her angel's face

As the great eye of heaven shyned bright

And made a sunshine in the shadie place;

Did never mortal eye behold such heavenly grace."

Spenser: *The Faerie Queene,* bk. I. canto iii. st. 4.

Joseph, in the intervals of his labors in the double capacity of

brick-maker and man-at-arms, was assiduous in his attentions to his

fair cousin, who was not inclined to encourage him. Growing

desperate, he threatened one evening to throw himself into the

garrison well. His threat only called forth the laughter of his

mistress; and, bidding her farewell, he proceeded to put it in

execution. On reaching the well he stumbled over a log;

whereupon, animated by a happy idea, he dropped the wood into

the water instead of himself, and, hiding behind the curb, awaited

the result. Mary, who had been listening at the door, and who had

not believed her lover capable of so rash an act, heard the sudden

plunge of the wooden Joseph. She ran to the well, and, leaning

over the curb and peering down the dark opening, cried out, in

tones of anguish and remorse, "O Joseph, if you're in the land of the

living, I 'll have you!" "I 'll take ye at your word," answered

Joseph, springing up from his hiding-place and avenging himself for

her coyness and coldness by a hearty embrace.

Our own paternal ancestor, owing to religious scruples in the

matter of taking arms even for defence of life and property, refused

to leave his undefended house and enter the garrison. The Indians

frequently came to his house; and the family more than once in the

night heard them whispering under the windows, and saw them put

their copper faces to the glass to take a view of the apartments.

Strange as it may seem, they never offered any injury or insult to

the inmates.

In 1695 the township was many times molested by Indians, and

several persons were killed and wounded. Early in the fall a small

party made their appearance in the northerly part of the town,

where, finding two boys at work in an open field, they managed to

surprise and capture them, and, without committing further

violence, retreated through the woods to their homes on the shore

of Lake Winnipiseogee. Isaac Bradley, aged fifteen, was a small

but active and vigorous boy; his companion in captivity, Joseph

Whittaker, was only eleven, yet quite as large in size, and heavier in

his movements. After a hard and painful journey they arrived at the

lake, and were placed in an Indian family, consisting of a man and

squaw and two or three children. Here they soon acquired a

sufficient knowledge of the Indian tongue to enable them to learn

from the conversation carried on in their presence that it was

designed to take them to Canada in the spring. This discovery was

a painful one. Canada, the land of Papist priests and bloody

Indians, was the especial terror of the New England settlers, and

the anathema maranatha(1) of Puritan pulpits. Thither the Indians

usually hurried their captives, where they compelled them to work

in their villages or sold them to the French planters. Escape from

thence through a deep wilderness, and across lakes, and mountains,

and almost impassable rivers, without food or guide, is regarded as

an impossibility. The poor boys, terrified by the prospect of being

carried still farther from their home and friends, began to dream of

escaping from their masters before they started for Canada. It was

now winter; it would have been little short of madness to have

chosen for flight that season of bitter cold and deep snows. Owing

to exposure and want of proper food and clothing, Isaac, the eldest

of the boys, was seized with a violent fever, from which he slowly

recovered in the course of the winter. His Indian mistress was as

kind to him as her circumstances permitted,--procuring medicinal

herbs and roots for her patient, and tenderly watching over him in

the long winter nights. Spring came at length; the snows melted;

and the ice was broken up on the lake. The Indians began to make

preparations for journeying to Canada; and Isaac, who had during

his sickness devised a plan of escape, saw that the time of putting it

in execution had come. On the evening before he was to make the

attempt he for the first time informed his younger companion of his

design, and told him, if he intended to accompany him, he must be

awake at the time appointed. The boys lay down as usual in the

wigwam in the midst of the family. Joseph soon fell asleep; but

Isaac, fully sensible of the danger and difficulty of the enterprise

before him, lay awake, watchful for his opportunity. About

midnight he rose, cautiously stepping over the sleeping forms of the

family, and securing, as he went, his Indian master's flint, steel, and

tinder, and a small quantity of dry moose-meat and corn-bread. He

then carefully awakened his companion, who, starting up, forgetful

of the cause of his disturbance, asked aloud, "What do you want?"

The savages began to stir; and Isaac, trembling with fear of

detection, lay down again and pretended to be asleep. After

waiting a while he again rose, satisfied, from the heavy breathing of

the Indians, that they were all sleeping; and fearing to awaken

Joseph a second time, lest he should again hazard all by his

thoughtlessness, he crept softly out of the wigwam. He had

proceeded but a few rods when he heard footsteps behind him; and,

supposing himself pursued, he hurried into the woods, casting a

glance backward. What was his joy to see his young companion

running after him! They hastened on in a southerly direction as

nearly as they could determine, hoping to reach their distant home.

When daylight appeared they found a large hollow log, into which

they crept for concealment, wisely judging that they would be hotly

pursued by their Indian captors.

(1) *Anathema maranatha* occurs at the close of St. Paul's first

epistle to the Corinthians, and in the English version is made to

appear as a composite phrase. It has so passed into common use,

*maranatha* being taken as intensifying the curse contained in

*anathema*. The words are properly to be divided, *maranatha*

signifying "The Lord cometh."

Their sagacity was by no means at fault. The Indians, missing

their prisoners in the morning, started off in pursuit with their dogs.

As the young boys lay in the log they could hear the whistle of the

Indians and the barking of dogs upon their track. It was a trying

moment; and even the stout heart of the elder boy sank within him

as the dogs came up to the log and set up a loud bark of discovery.

But his presence of mind saved him. He spoke in a low tone to the

dogs, who, recognizing his familiar voice, wagged their tails with

delight, and ceased barking. He then threw to them the morsel of

moose-meat he had taken from the wigwam. While the dogs were

thus diverted, the Indians made their appearance. The boys heard

the light, stealthy sound of their moccasins on the leaves. They

passed close to the log; and the dogs, having devoured their moose-

meat, trotted after their masters. Through a crevice in the log the

boys looked after them, and saw them disappear in the thick woods.

They remained in their covert until night, when they started again

on their long journey, taking a new route to avoid the Indians. At

daybreak they again concealed themselves, but travelled the next

night and day without resting. By this time they had consumed all

the bread which they had taken, and were fainting from hunger and

weariness. Just at the close of the third day they were

providentially enabled to kill a pigeon and a small tortoise, a part of

which they ate raw, not daring to make a fire, which might attract

the watchful eyes of savages. On the sixth day they struck upon an

old Indian path, and, following it until night, came suddenly upon a

camp of the enemy. Deep in the heart of the forest, under the

shelter of a ridge of land heavily timbered, a great fire of logs and

brushwood was burning; and around it the Indians sat, eating their

moose-meat and smoking their pipes.

The poor fugitives, starving, weary, and chilled by the cold spring

blasts, gazed down upon the ample fire, and the savory meats which

the squaws were cooking by it, but felt no temptation to purchase

warmth and food by surrendering themselves to captivity. Death in

the forest seemed preferable. They turned and fled back upon their

track, expecting every moment to hear the yells of pursuers. The

morning found them seated on the bank of a small stream, their feet

torn and bleeding, and their bodies emaciated. The elder, as a last

effort, made search for roots, and fortunately discovered a few

ground-nuts (*glycine apios*), which served to refresh in some

degree himself and his still weaker companion. As they stood

together by the stream, hesitating and almost despairing, it occurred

to Isaac that the rivulet might lead to a larger stream of water, and

that to the sea and the white settlements near it; and he resolved to

follow it. They again began their painful march; the day passed,

and the night once more overtook them. When the eighth morning

dawned, the younger of the boys found himself unable to rise from

his bed of leaves. Isaac endeavored to encourage him, dug roots,

and procured water for him; but the poor lad was utterly exhausted.

He had no longer heart or hope. The elder boy laid him on leaves

and dry grass at the foot of a tree, and with a heavy heart bade him

farewell. Alone he slowly and painfully proceeded down the

stream, now greatly increased in size by tributary rivulets. On the

top of a hill he climbed with difficulty into a tree, and saw in the

distance what seemed to be a clearing and a newly-raised frame

building. Hopeful and rejoicing, he turned back to his young

companion, told him what he had seen, and, after chafing his limbs

awhile, got him upon his feet. Sometimes supporting him, and at

others carrying him on his back, the heroic boy staggered towards

the clearing. On reaching it he found it deserted, and was obliged

to continue his journey. Towards night signs of civilization began

to appear,--the heavy, continuous roar of water was heard; and,

presently emerging from the forest, he saw a great river dashing in

white foam down precipitous rocks, and on its bank the gray walls

of a huge stone building, with flankers, palisades, and moat, over

which the British flag was flying. This was the famous Saco Fort,

built by Governor Phips,(1) two years before, just below the falls of

the Saco River. The soldiers of the garrison gave the poor fellows

a kindly welcome. Joseph, who was scarcely alive, lay for a long

time sick in the fort; but Isaac soon regained his strength, and set

out for his home in Haverhill, which he had the good fortune to

arrive at in safety.

(1) An interesting account of Sir William Phips will be found in

Parkman's *Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV.*

Hawthorne also tells his romantic story in *Fanshawe and Other

Pieces.*

Amidst the stirring excitements of the present day, when every

thrill of the electric wire conveys a new subject for thought or

action to a generation as eager as the ancient Athenians for some

new thing, simple legends of the past like that which we have

transcribed have undoubtedly lost in a great degree their interest.

The lore of the fireside is becoming obsolete, and with the

octogenarian few who still linger among us will perish the unwritten

history of border life in New England.

End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Boy Captives, by Whittier

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